All posts by Kevin Michael Miller

Hello, my name is Kevin Miller and I'm interested in all things political. I started www.kevinspoliticalblog.wordpress.com in early 2013 but the truth is I've been writing for over a decade now. I live in Chicago, Illinois, am an avid international relations follower and consider myself a Republican. Don't hesitate to comment on my website or even just follow. Thank you in advance for your support. - Kevin M.

CPI Numbers and Fed Funds Rate Denotes Higher for Longer Inflation and Interest Rates For The Long-Term

The Bureau for Labor Statistics recently reported that the Consumer Price Index Rose 0.3 Percent, for the Month of April. This is in keeping with Wall Street’s Inflationary expectations, coming in better than average.

This is better than the previous two months of the year, which saw a surprise increase in inflationary numbers of 0.4 Percent (February), and 0.4 Percent (March), as well. This decrease in the CPI, the main inflationary gauge for the United States Economy, means that the United States Federal Reserve year belt tightening measures, to combat inflation, appear to be continuing unabated.

And also points to an additional round of rate cuts, which are expected by most economist to occur before the end of Summer.  

I’m of the same mind as the esteemed Economist, and Fed Watcher Ethan Harris, of Bank of America. That if CPI, and Core CPI remain relatively high, I actually think that denotes a stronger than average economy, and points to a persistence of the Fed Funds Rate remaining high in the short term, and then only later, towards the middle of next year, beginning to resume its normal inflationary curve. My most pressing issue, as of late has been the softness in the Real Estate Sector, of not only the United States, but in most emerging, and industrialized economies as well.

The most probable cause, and this has to do with Consumer Wages, and Spending, is the presence of higher than normal revolving credit balances, in individual consumer finances, and so the economy as a whole.

The United States, which currently has over $2 Trillion Dollars in Revolving Credit Debt on its consumers balance sheets. Is on par with the amount of debt which is held, as a whole, between individual consumers in the rest of the World’s economies. Especially in the Developing World, and more importantly Emerging Economies, which have seen a lack of growth, due to a decline in Foreign Direct Investment, Year to Date.

This cycle of Consumers spending more than they make, has existed for some time, especially in more industrialized economies like the United States, East Asia, and Europe. However, it has led to, along with the Feds belt tightening measures, after the March 2020 collapse in output, and inflation, a substantial increase in the volatility of the U.S. Mortgage Market, owing from an economy wide collapse in output, and thus a decrease in Housing Starts in general.

My main takeaways from our current economic impasse, is that the economy will follow the successful “flight path” recovery which has occurred in the United States Aviation Industry post COVID-19. This is assuming that the Fed keeps interest rates higher for longer, and so is in line with the UBS estimates of a later than average round of cuts which would occur closer to the end of this year, during the holiday season. Rather than in the middle of the year, as most economist have estimated.   

Artificial Intelligence, Ben-Hur, And The Making Of Modern American Cinema

Recently I was walking through the park with somebody I know, and he brought up the subject of film, and his fascination with the motion picture. I was at the time beginning to attend an online seminar on film, and photography. And so was happy to share my thoughts on the subject. Eventually the conversation began to turn to Charlton Heston, and his display of acting chops in the seminal, Roman, classical masterpiece Ben-Hur. Heston, someone I would meet in 2003, during my first stint in Hollywood. Had, by the time I met him, become heroic action figure come to life. As the titular movie star, and the then namesake of the National Rifle Association. A Republican leaning Washington run Gun Control Advocacy, and International Lobby. My expectations when first meeting him, Heston, were not at all unlike others, whom would broach a conversation with him at the time. His svelte, and smooth, almost figurine like charisma, and leading man archetypal body type. Along with his bright blue eyes, chiseled jaw line, and approachable good looks and smile. You sometimes wondered out loud, at this more youthful, and exuberant age, as I was, whether a career in cinema, was truly something which was meant to occur for only people like him. And whether this “A-List”, included yourself as its own. As I spoke to him, however, I could tell that even at the advanced age he was at, me being just nineteen at the time. That his reputation preceded him, and that his strength, wit, and acuity, were just as strong then, as they were in his heyday.

But as I was saying, as I spoke to my friend about this meeting, and just, movies and politics in general. I eventually began to elaborate on Heston, and the individuals whom made the Epic Movie Ben-Hur become a reality. Epic’s, at the time were some of the most expensive, complicated, and time consuming projects of Movie Cinema at the time. Akin to our modern day versions of Steven Spielberg led “Jurassic Park”, or Arnold Schwarzenegger’s “Terminator” Franchise. And their skill and craft, necessitated that their budgets were often into the millions of dollars, and required years of prepositioning, and planning, an order to execute. This was true of Ben-Hur, which aside from a few other select films, Ridley Scott Born “Spartacus” not excepted. Were the only ones that truly existed.

At the beginning of the 1970’s, the movie industry was in transition. Metro Goldwyn Mayer, the, at the time, most prestigious, and vaunted movie making studio, and the vehicle for countless A-List movie stars. Had found itself in a decided slump releasing just two Oscar winning films over the course of three years. This, which worried the executives at the head of the then transitioning corporation. Were rattled even more by the inclusion in the mix, of several relatively unknown, but then seasonal Oscar winning studios which had recently been created, after a United States Supreme Court Ruling, that guaranteed the freedom of speech of several important actors, and actresses in the Movie, and Entertainment Industry. Whom were frustrated by the way they, and their intellectual property were being treated by the “big three” studios, MGM, Warner Bros., and 20th century Fox. Whom were at the time, in control of almost every single American Movie Making Contract, and Movie ever made in the Industry.

This pronouncement by the high court, meant that almost every single movie that was ever made throughout the time of the formation of the studios, to then, would have to be released, or re-released through accompanying subsidiaries. However, rather than continuing to concentrate power into the hands of this handful of studios, as the court had originally intended. It instead “spun off”, at least three high profile “little three” studios, Paramount Pictures, Tri-Star (United Artist) Pictures, and Universal Pictures. Which were then free to release, and re-release the content, at a premium to eagerly waiting consumers, and movie goers. A similar event occurred at the apex of the invention of the video tape.

These, and other worrying events, including a backlash in global, and world affairs to Hollywood movie making (The Tet Offensive, Iran Hostage Crisis), sets the stage for the acquisition of, and chief executive tenure of Bob Evans. The one-time Hollywood leading man. Evans, someone who grew up around those with the means, and knowhow to create films. Quickly rose through the ranks of the Hollywood establishment, and soon found himself burgeoning on the mediocrity, of chairmanship of one of the largest movie producing filmmakers of the twentieth century, Paramount Pictures.

But before Evans could take the helm, it was incumbent upon him to both satiate the studio execs appetite for successive films, as well as anticipate audiences, and their quickly varying taste. In a stroke of both science, as well as artistic genius. He wins the chairmanship by promising not one, but two filmmaking “Epics” within his first year at the helm. One which would be directed by a well-known filmmaker, would eventually become the movie which he eventually acquired from MGM, and re-released, the Charlton Heston led Ben-Hur. The other, which was a project which centered around the Vietnam war, Platoon, would take another decade before release, and be the second directorial debut from a young and upcoming filmmaker named Francis Ford Coppola. And in a twist of magic, which only Bob Evans, could truly encapsulate, he at the last minute for the executives, debuts a third “upcoming” film which was only half finished by the young Ford Coppola. But starred a face which was immediately recognizable to the heads of the studios involved, the reclusive, brilliant, and enigmatic Marlon Brando, as the title character for the movie “The Godfather”. This scene, which includes the first fifteen minutes of the Francis Ford Coppola Directed “The Godfather”. Is one of the most famous in movie making lore, and by the time Brando steps onto the stage, to collect an Oscar, for one of his most dramatic, and endearing roles ever in 1973. Evans, had firmly supplanted the “big three” studios, and had on the way, accidentally reinvented the filmmaking industry, while making Columbia, Tri-Star(United Artist), and Paramount, Billions in the process.

This changing of the guard, which famed filmmaker, and director Ridley Scott at first acquiesced to, by releasing the rights, and privileges to an updated digitally “colorized” version of his 1959 “Ben-Hur” epic classic. Remains one of the most mysterious moves a filmmaker has made over the course of the 20th century. After all Ridley Scott, formerly of “Spartacus” fame, already knows that Ben-Hur is one of the highest grossing, but also costliest films to have ever been created. And to add further doubt, and cloud his actions in mystery. He, Scott, had just signed a contract with 20th Century Fox, an order to create at least two more epics over the course of the next twenty years. A Paramount Pictures rival. As for Heston, the re-releases, and its release on Video Cassette Tape, a then newly formed media, later in the decade. Only enhances his, Heston’s, stature, and career. And with the accompanying grosses from the movie sale. Makes him one of the richest men in Hollywood for the next thirty years.

Joel Schumacher, the famed 1980’s producer, and of a similar movie making lineage as Evans. Makes his movie making fortunes off the sale of Ben-Hur to Bob Evans, and Paramount Pictures as well. As he at the time was selling movies, in cassette form from his car out in Los Angeles. And it was said by him, in a later interview, that the receipts from “Ben-Hur alone”, were enough to fund the later John Hughes films, whose rights were acquired from the aforementioned Ridley Scott, whom found Hughes to be “childish”, and “amateurish”, in his approach. But whom would later become the basis for Hollywood pop cultural references, and careers of multiple “Brat Pack” actors, and filmmakers, throughout the 80’s, and early 90’s.

If there’s one thing that could be said about this, is just how much the movie industry is genuinely connected to one another. And how, the most seemingly simplest things, the changing of a CEO, and the invention of the cassette tape. Can transform the entire ecosystem, and landscape of a growing, and evolving, and burgeoning, now Artificially Intelligent Movie Making Industry.

Before I conclude this piece, this seeming happenstance in the movie, and entertainment industry, elucidates a broader, and more salient point about Artificial Intelligence, and change in the Movie Industry.

I want to talk about the big three and their original intentions for Movies, and the movie distribution system, or digital mediums, and inherently the internet itself. There biggest worry at the time, was that the Intellectual Property which they owned. And therefore, the amount of monies, and thereby movies which they could make, would dry up, driving a stake into the heart of the movie making industry as a whole. With the advent of online file sharing websites, and applications. First delegitimated, and then coopted, and legitimated. While being backed by some of the biggest studios in the movie making industry. Along with digital physical media rising. And then co-opted by Microsoft, Apple, and Netflix, into digital arts, and entertainment empires. Has the movie industry worried again about the idea of Artificial Intelligence, and the wherewithal that it will play in the future of cinema. Both here in America, as well as in the future, in other countries, such as China, which may wince at the idea of artificial character creation, and even plotlines, and movie culture as a whole. I feel now, and I do now so as well feel, that the line between art, and fiction are never as clearly delineated, as would be allowed in an earlier time in human history. Therefore, the securing of Intellectual Property rights, and the maintenance of additional United Nations Copyright Laws, and even cultural identity. Play a role in upholding the civil, and moral rights of all citizens of the United States, and indeed, including those whom come from different parts of the World, and some of whom are not even born yet. I call on Congress to help research, and enact customized Intellectual Property laws for this Artificial Intelligence revolution which we are at now going through. And to help secure the intellectual, and property rights of all Americans. From the very wealthy and powerful, to even individuals who are maybe independent in their outlook, but are just as rigorous with the rights, and privileges which they give their intellectual property, as any other would be.

In the past it has been argued that the current state of monopolization of intellectual, and property rights, precludes the idea of intelligence, charisma, and creativity, an order to be successful.

I don’t believe it.

The state of Intellectual Property rights has never been stronger, and the utmost of care can, and should be taken an order secure a soft landing, in this ever evolving landscape. I trust that Congress sees the ideas that have taken root. And while most are legitimate. Some are coercive in their manipulation of names, images, and likenesses. Which is why stronger laws are required an order protect all whom seek to express themselves in the communicative commons of the internet, and beyond. Therefore, the curtailing of these kinds of forces which seek to delegitimize others, and only legitimize untold of untruths, and fallacies, should be included in any pending legislation which is promulgated by the media, the tech industry, or any and all others, whom have a stake in this volatile, and changing landscape.                      

Foreign Influence Law Protest Erupt in Tbilisi after being passed by Georgian Presidency

Foreign Influence Law Similar to Russia’s Law banning the press, was recently passed in Georgia, setting the stage for a summer of conflict, and wars in both Northern Georgia, as well as, more importantly in Azerbaijan, and Armenia. My Analysis is Below:

After the morally corrupt, though dubiously effective Saakashvili regime, there needs to be greater accountability for emerging democracies, and nascent nation states of all stripes and manner. After the unfortunate events that transpired in nearby Moldova, as well as Kazakhstan, after their attempted coups, it’s unfortunate to now see neighboring Georgia, become engulfed in some of the same cold war politics, which have plagued its neighbors.

The absolute truth of the situation, is that Putin wishes to pave the way for a continuation of the war in Azerbaijan, and Armenia, and that means having a friendly government in Georgia, an order to do so. Expect for these events to play out over the course of the next three to four months, before elections can be held in the United States this November.

The most obvious answer is to now placate Turkey, and its demands for a stable and conflict free Northern Syria. But this shouldn’t be done without being able to obtain guarantees for both the Armenian Peoples, as well as Kurdish elements of both Turkey, as well as Syria, whom have been marginalized, since the war against Bashar Al-Assad’s regime began.

The immediate focus should be to prepare for war with Azerbaijan. As well as separatist held parts of Northern Georgia. Expect riots, and looting in both Tbilisi, as well as Armenia’s capital, as a precursor, to the annexation of larger territories in Northern Georgia, and Eastern Armenia.

https://www.linkedin.com/embed/feed/update/urn:li:ugcPost:7195812759773630464

Iranian Nuclear Ambitions (2003-2024)

Under the JCPOA, Iran agreed to eliminate its stockpile of medium-enriched uranium, cut its stockpile of low-enriched uranium by 98%, and reduce by about two-thirds the number of its gas centrifuges for 13 years. For the next 15 years, Iran will only enrich uranium up to 3.67%. Iran also agreed not to build any new heavy-water facilities for the same period of time.[1] A nuclear weapon uses a fissile material to cause a nuclear chain reaction. The most commonly used materials have been uranium 235 (U-235) and plutonium 239 (Pu-239). Both uranium 233 (U-233) and reactor-grade plutonium have also been used.[2][3][4]

With Separative Work Units Estimated to begin production of fissile material at about 35 SWU, the estimated amount of fissile material needed to produce one bomb is estimated to be about 30 kilograms, with perfect centrifuge production of such fissile material accomplished after the use of about 50,000 unique centrifuges.[5][6] This is thought to precipitate from the production of crude IR-1 centrifuges which have a Uranium Produced to Centrifuge Use Ratio of 0.0867% (Uranium: Centrifuge Ratio).[7] This is a certain disadvantage for any country which hopes to produce an indigenous supply of fissile material, for any illicit nuclear program, and its activities. This means that an order to produce the previously estimated Separative Work Units needed to attain 30 Kilograms of Low Enriched Uranium (LEU), the program in question would have to expend an inordinate number of centrifuges of the IR-1 grade, which would add up to something of the order of magnitude of at least 122,268,924 Centrifuges, again of the IR-1 generation, which is the crudest workable generation of centrifuges available.

It’s estimated that the Islamic Republic of Iran has about 19,500 of these installed in a cascading assay at any one time.[8] Numbers like these continue for some time when talking about the Uranium to Centrifuge Ratio for less crude centrifuge devices, IR-2, .15937%, topping out at 33,270,455 IR-2 Centrifuges alone an order to produce enough Uranium for one bomb (30 Kgs). IR-3, a respectable centrifuge technology that requires 9,053,185 to produce the same amount of fissile material, giving it a Uranium to Centrifuge Cannibalization Ratio of 0.292843%.

Amongst these lesser centrifuge technologies, it is presumed from testimony from inspectors, and reports from the IAEA, as well as intelligence agencies, that the maximum number of Centrifuges which can be installed at any one time is north of 15,000 per assay, for these centrifuge technologies alone.

This would explain the IR-1 Assay which has over 15,000 centrifuges installed (19,500).[9] 

While IR-4 has a Uranium to Centrifuge Ratio of 0.538099% Cannibalized, meaning that the number of centrifuges needed to produce the requisite amount of LEU fissile material drops considerably to 2,463,451. However, it’s thought that the Iranians only have 5,000 of the more high-tech IR-4 in existence.

But this number is up for discussion and it here posited by me, that the number of centrifuges which are currently put into production by Iran, number at least 10,000 total, with IR-3 being the most plentiful of them all. This means that by most estimates 7,800 may be the maximum declared allotment by the Ayatollah and his regime, but the figure varies accordingly due to the size of the program, meaning suspected undeclared facilities, and the scope and nature of the program as well.[10] After all, it was Saddam Hussein’s Iraqi Fedayeen, who were suspected of concealing what was in fact a defunct Nuclear Weapons Program, on trailers which were supposedly on mobile platforms throughout the desert in 2003.[11]

The number of centrifuges thought to be acquired by Iran, and their efficiency, therefore, begin to deviate from each other dramatically, after this. With highly advanced IR-5, and IR-6 Centrifuges collapsing to no greater than 1,000 for the foreseeable future, after implementation of the JCPOA, and even yet still Cannibalized Yields accelerating to only 1.8% with Centrifuges, and Centrifuges used, numbering in the hundreds of thousands.

The production of these centrifuges, and their capabilities was summed up in Nuclear Crises with North Korea and Iran, a 2019 book by Robert S. Litwak, from the Woodrow Wilson Center at Princeton University which sums up the state of the program, and the issues succinctly:

“Centrifuges are essential equipment for uranium enrichment, the multistage industrial process in which natural uranium is converted into special material capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction. Natural uranium occurs in two forms—U-238, making up 99 percent of the element, and the lighter U-235, accounting for less than 1 percent. But the latter is a fissionable isotope that emits energy when split. Uranium ore is crushed into a powder, refined, and then reconstituted into a solid form, known as “yellowcake.” The yellowcake is then superheated and transformed into a Nuclear Crises with North Korea and Iran: gas, uranium hexafluoride (UF6). That gas is passed through a centrifuge and spun at high speed, with the U-238 drawn to the periphery and extracted, while the lighter U-235 clusters in the center and is collected. The collected U-235 material is passed through a series of centrifuges, known as a cascade, with each successive pass-through increasing the percentage of U-235. Uranium for a nuclear reactor should be enriched to contain approximately 3 percent uranium-235, whereas weapons-grade uranium should ideally contain at least 90 percent. Iran developed indigenous facilities to support each phase of the uranium enrichment process: two uranium ore mines, whose reserves could produce 250-300 nuclear weapons, according to U.S. intelligence; a yellowcake production facility; a facility for Iran’s uranium enrichment facility at Natanz (aerial view) From Transformational to Transactional Diplomacy converting yellowcake into uranium hexafluoride gas in Esfahan; and two enrichment sites, Natantz and Fordow, with 19,000 centrifuges, of which some 10,000 were operational. They were predominantly the first-generation IR-1 model, although Iran had begun installing the more sophisticated IR-2 model, which is more reliable and estimated to have six times the output of IR1s. The industrial-scale Natanz site, located 200 miles south of Tehran, could potentially house 50,000 centrifuges. The Fordow enrichment site near Qom is too small to be Economically rational as part of a civil nuclear program and is invulnerable to a military strike because it is deeply buried. Those attributes, as well as its location on a Revolutionary Guard base, aroused concern that its intended purpose was to receive low-enriched uranium produced at Natanz for further enrichment to weapons-grade material.”[12]

Figure 10 Fick’s Equation, Courtesy of National Research Nuclear University (Russia), Nuclear Reactor Physics Basics, Yury Volkov (Instructor), Coursera.org, Accessed On: 2/25/2024

This extant, which was provided by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Public Policy, gives a clear and concise explanation of the basis for ongoing nuclear negotiations, which have currently reached an impasse, as of June 2021.

Add to that a resourceful, and diligent case study of the Ayatollah’s finances in Iran. And it’s estimated that he personally has accumulated over $US 350 Billion Dollars, in personal wealth, over the course of time since the signing of the JCPOA agreement, and the wars in both Syria, Yemen, as well as Gaza. This summation, the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Public Policy Extant, however, does not include the existence of undeclared sites, which may be yet smaller in scope, but could number in the tens or more. The exclusionary nature of the Iranian Nuclear Program, along with its undeclared assets, and facilities, is one of the historical hallmarks of covert nuclear programs around the world, and is what makes it so dangerous. It should be noted however that the main conduits of the Nuclear Program, the Uranium and Plutonium Milling Mines outside of the processing facilities, including Gchine, and Saghand, as per News reports, are no longer functioning, owing to the laborious processes the Iranians have gone through to produce Nuclear Fissile Materials, and the limited capabilities which they have been able to covertly develop, after its acquisition.[13] If true, this revelation should be of the utmost of issues which the Americans, and the other P5+1 interlocutors can use to leverage Iranian compliance with their nuclear program. As the lack of raw fissionable material, negates the programs efficacy for the purposes of exploiting current technologies for the development of Nuclear Fission Weapons. And the inclusion of sensitive monitoring equipment, such as cameras, and other positive scoring sensors, and devices, at these, and other mining, and milling technology sites, must be included in any further discussions of the renegotiation of the JCPOA, and its compliance regime.

Figure 11 CERN Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Experiment at Light Hadron Collider #2, Cessy, France, Courtesy of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

As for experimental centrifuges which Iran has under its command, the introduction of IR-6s, and IR-7’s was at first thought to completely transform the character and nature of the Iranian nuclear program, and the threat it poses. However, after initial analyses were conducted by western intelligence communities, using lasers pointed at the heat emanating from suspected nuclear sites, it was discovered that the Iranians are enriching at only a slightly more efficient level, and that the amount of these so-called experimental centrifuges must not number in less than 500 totals.

Nevertheless, when they are able to acquire these more advanced centrifuges, the Assay really only begin to decrease to so called super efficiencies at the IR-8 and above. That’s not to say that the amount of Enriched Uranium produced by these centrifuges is negligible, with Cannibalized Assays reported at 11.27%, and 20.71% Respectively, these technologies, should they ever fall into the Government of Iran’s Hands could precipitate another nuclear crisis.

And, while I suspect that the technology already exist. The added knowhow, such as Krytron Switching, and other light, and gas based, vaporous, diaphanous, vaporizing devices. Needed an order to perfect certain Nuclear Fission, and thus Weaponization technologies. I’ve concluded they may not have mastered the knowhow of.  

Figure 12 CERN Light Hadron Collider (b) (LHCb) ALICE Propulsion Experiments. (Image Courtesy of CERN)

Figure 13 CERN ALICE pPb Heavy Ion Collisions Experiments, Courtesy of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

These numbers which are articulated in the above section on capabilities, do not negate the presence of current Iranian enrichment capabilities, indeed by the time the JCPOA negotiations began in 2015, it was already revealed by the Iranian side, that they possessed enough enriched Uranium to make at least five (5) nuclear weapons. The numbers on cannibalized arrays simply relate to the capabilities of their current centrifuge campaign for their Nuclear Weapons Program, and is indicative of the Iranian sides inability to progress past certain technological thresholds.       


[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action

 

[2]  Holdren, John; Bunn, Matthew (1997). “Managing Military Uranium and Plutonium in the United States and the Former Soviet Union”. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 22: 403–496. doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.22.1.403.

 

[3] Barnaby, Frank (5 March 2014). Barnaby; Holdstock, Douglas (eds.). Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Retrospect and Prospect. p. 25. ISBN 9781135209933

 

[4] Matthew; Holdren, John P. “Managing military uranium and plutonium in the United States and the Former Soviet Union” (PDF). pp. 403–409.

 

[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separative_work_units

 

[6] “Explainer: How close is Iran to producing a nuclear bomb?”, Francois Murphy, Reuters.com, Found At: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-explainer/explainer-how-close-is-iran-to-producing-a-nuclear-bomb-idUSKBN2880NU

 

[7] This ratio is made by taking the amount of Uranium needed for feedstock and dividing it by the number of centrifuges used, an order to obtain 30 Kilograms of High Enriched Uranium. For actual numbers used see the Appendix.

 

[8] Explainer: How close is Iran to producing a nuclear bomb? François Murphy, Reuters.com, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-explainer/explainer-how-close-is-iran-to-producing-a-nuclear-bomb-idUSKBN2880NU

[9] Ibid.

 

[10] The Logic of Restoring Compliance With the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal, Arms Control Association, Vol. 14, Issue 2, February 16th, 2022; Found At: https://www.armscontrol.org/issue-briefs/2022-02/logic-restoring-compliance-2015-iran-nuclear-deal?emci=b29c911a-ad8e-ec11-a507-281878b83d8a&emdi=326f4403-378f-ec11-a507-281878b83d8a&ceid=15330559

 

[11] Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD, with Addendums (Duelfer Report), Iraq Survey Group (ISG), Central Intelligence Agency, April 25th, 2005, found at: https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GPO-DUELFERREPORT/, Accessed On: 02/16/2022

 

[12] Nuclear Crises with North Korea and Iran: From Transformational to Transactional Diplomacy, Pgs. 83-85, Robert S. Litwak, Princeton University Press, 2019

 

[13] Is Iran running out of yellowcake? By David Albright, Jacqueline Shire, and Paul Brannan, February 11, 2009, Institute for Science and International Security, Found At: https://isis-online.org/uploads/isis-reports/documents/Iran_Yellowcake_11Feb2009.pdf, Accessed: 06/06/2021


Introduction: Beyond Globalization

white smoke coming out from a building
Photo by Marcin Jozwiak on Pexels.com

Globalization, a relatively recent economic phenomena, and norm, at least in its most recent incarnation. Has brought wealth, prosperity, and diversity to billions of individuals worldwide. In the following pages, I try to clarify the effects of Globalization, and its normative successes, as well as failures. I will do this through the lens of a World which has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 crisis, and the resultant regime. And, I will attempt to perceive the future of Globalization. One in which the world is no longer ravaged by famine, plague, and Political disorder. And, one in which the United States, partners with its allies, to create better societies, throughout the World, while at the same time, taking account of the usury, and unobligated expenses, which the worlds remaining dictatorships have been party to.

This appraisal includes Russia, and its wars not only in Ukraine, but Syria as well. And, while the addition of credit extended, and credit used, has propelled dictatorial regimes, such as Iran, North Korea, and Russia, into higher, more prosperous, and more useful credit, and asset classes. Bringing into question the rules, and obligations of the established Global World Order, led by the United States. These credit bubbles, which have instead become a part of the international investment positions of these countries. Has led many millions of the former world’s poor, into levels of attainment, and wealth, never before seen by a great many of them.

And, while these credit snafus, have ultimately only legitimated, and benefitted the regimes in question. The adjoining information is useful, an order to better allow the perception of these misdeeds, as well as the sheer magnitude which they hold in their size, scope, and weight, as failed, or formerly failing nation states. And how that may apply to future conflicts, or even transboundary disputes, which may arise during any given circumstance. Particular attention is paid to the solvency of the European Union, and the United States, as well. 

A League of Their Own [Book Excerpt]

The following is an excerpt chapter [rough] from an upcoming memoir by Kevin Michael Miller entitled “Little Fires Everywhere”: The Education of and Political Triumphs of an American Political Scion [Publisher Forthcoming]

Baseball which was something that I enjoyed as a kid. And a sport that I still enthusiastically incorporate into my life. Had, by the fourth grade, become something which I knew could carry the day. And, eventually propel me into the local, and national media’s spotlight. In Tampa, Florida. And the surrounding area. One of the most complex, and painstaking things which could have ever happened to me, for the better. Was when The Supreme Court of the United States, handed down a direct decision to the local baseball league which I’m still proud to be affiliated with. That required them, directly to allow girls, and women, of a certain age, to both perform, and participate in league activities.

Town & Country Baseball, which was party to a countersuit that interjected with the plausibility of a previous courts Title IX ruling, against little league baseball. Was decided in a close decision, which rested on Justice Sandra Day O’Connor, the first female United States Supreme Court Justice, to rule in a contentious 5-4 decision. That the state of boys sports, and baseball in particular (Pop Warner Football would come in a later ruling), could no longer discriminate against ageless females. Including girls. And that, under the requirements of the ruling. The league was required to allow “free and open”, competitive positioning to females, of a certain age, and prospect.

This ruling, which I’m proud to have witnessed play out on my television screen at my home in Carrollwood, Florida was at once welcomed, but also vilified by almost a majority of the players and coaches, in, and around my privately funded, and run, little league baseball, sports league. Their contention, and emotions are still intemperate to this day. That if a girl is in the league, and specifically on their team, then the facilities requirements, as well as the amount of competition, will decrease, therefore preventing the free, and enjoyable competition within the league. And, since the facilities, were partially funded, and existed on land, which was technically a part of the Hillsborough County Public School District. That meant that the onus on fulfillment would rest with the league, and failure to do so, could jeopardize the future of the privately run league, as a feeder system for some of Baseball’s most promising recruits. Including its now current Republican Governor, Ron DeSantis.

The decision, which necessitated Major League Officials on hand to implement. Meant that the game which I grew up with, had been forever changed. My reaction, was not one of any sort of male braggadocio, or machismo, but actually of calm, and acceptance.

When I entered into the winter league with “Jaime”, as one of the first female recruits to our “Mustang” league. I must admit I was actually more than intimidated. After all, I was someone whom had only known the game to be composed of mostly young boys, and men at that age. And my awkwardness preceded my every move.

As someone whom I would respect, as a competent, and skilled center fielder. She, Jamie, was someone whom, on my fifth grade baseball team, had become someone who built a steady rapport, and comraderie, with me, as the season continued. Her most obvious answer was almost never the answer that I received. And her desire to “just be one of the boys”, could be rewarding at a time that I struggled to have, and maintain friendly relationships with the opposite sex. And provided the cushioning, and proper complexity, that I needed in my life, and really, we all need, at that age. Which was essentially my first introduction to multi-cultural perspectives, and gender studies, writ large.

As I got older, and was at times both curiously affectionate towards, and extremely shy, in front of the opposite sex. I never let the lessons which she taught me (including one of my first heartbreaks), pre-adolescence, become something which didn’t dawn on me, or prevent me from successfully appropriating my feelings toward the opposite sex.

The lessons that her presence on the baseball field inured within me. Are lessons, which really, all of us should learn at such a crucial age, as we grow up, and mature from pre-adolescence, to becoming teenagers. Where relations, and friendships with the opposite sex become more common.

And, had I not known then, and from her, precisely how chauvinistic, and male-dominated my personae had become, during those twelve seasons of baseball that I’d participated in up to that point. With my days filled with boys my age playing tackle football, games of pickup squash, and kickball. I don’t think I would’ve ever understood, as succinctly as I do now. The more formalized relations, and reactions which I received in the seventh, and eight grade. When I would move to Tallahassee to be with my Mother. And ran into, in this the Capital City of Florida. More formalized undertakings, and relationships. That rested more, and more, on my perceived, social status, and nearby constituent organizations which I was a part of.

This far more heavily Democratic Party leaning portion of the state. Leon County, Florida. At the time, and still is. Due to its Bureaucratic, and highly urbanized setting. Was one of my first introductions to kids my age, that had more money, and time, than they knew what to do with. And, whom would often smoke not only considered by me to be hard drugs (like marijuana), cigarettes, and cigars. But would, actively seek out, and drink alcoholic beverages. At the seeming behest of their parents. Including at one time raiding my own Mother’s liquor cabinet. Them, then partying late into the night, with her own, handcrafted, Crown Royal Canadian Whiskey Recipes. While my only respite, and consolation, would be seeing the girls that I admired, chatted with online, and looked up to in my Middle School. Getting drunk, “skinny dipping”, in my Mother’s backyard pool, and pool house, while playing video games with me. Often until the sun came up. At one time even marveling over my then “prosaic”, 16x “viewfinder” telescope, in the nights sky.

One story that I’m able to conjure up from this era has to do with “Benjamin”, the black labrador dog that my Mom brought home for me one day.

I always thought it would be cool to have a dog, but as long as I lived with my step-mother, who was ghastly afraid of dogs, or any other type of animals. I had to be content with “visiting”, my best friend Nicko, and his small Shizu’s that his Father allowed him to have. As well as my other best friend from Tampa, Alex, whose mother had a cat named “Nirmal”. “Benjamin”, a dog which was given to my Mother by friends of the family, became an instant companion, from the moment that I first had him. In fact, for a number of months, from first moving to Tallahassee to be with my Mom, he was my only friend, and companion. Later, while caring for “Benji”, I was notified that he in fact would have to be sent back to where he came from, a local animal shelter, since I was too young to care for him all by myself.

When they came to take him away, I was just getting out of the shower in the morning. As I put my clothes on, I noticed that he wasn’t barking in the backyard to our home anymore. When I ran outside to see him leave, I could only just make out the vehicle they used to transport him to his new home. (I eventually got separately two hamsters as well “Chip”, and “Dale”). And, it was the first, but not last time that I would cry over losing a pet, and best friend.

Later when we moved to the other side of Thomasville. I would come across a neighbor whom happened to go to my Middle School.

In the intervening “Corbin”, a categorically beautiful girl, but far from one of the most beautiful girls at my school. Was a popular girl, that was friends with a nearby neighbor “Peter”, a fellow pupil, and someone I happened to meet before school could formally start over the winter break.

As we met up, and I introduced myself to her, and her family (her mother was also a nurse). Corbin introduced me to her newest family member. It was Benji, now eponymously coined as “Cisco”. The same black labrador that I was forced to give up earlier that year. When I saw him, along with what was apparently one of his sisters, I was so elated to see him, and I could tell from the way that he looked at me, that “Cisco”, recognized me as his former companion. Even if he did growl at me, after seeing his curious younger, sister puppy nearby. Still, to know that he was just across the street from me, and that I could hear him bark whenever I came outside, was a welcome relief that brought a sense of closure, and additional closeness, to our short, but sometimes tumultuous existence together.

This Middle School which I attended, Swift Creek, had, up until those more recent occurrences, made my life an unfortunate mess.

It was stories like these, that began to take on an uncharacteristic feeling of life imitating art. As I attempted to navigate a highly pressurized, and society infused Middle School social scene. That rested itself, almost exclusively, in Thomasville. The tony, and exclusive suburb which my Mother and I moved to. And the likewise surrounding “high-rent” suburbs in the area. Along the Florida, Georgia, State Line.

These suburbs, which by the eighth grade, could be populated with kids from political figures as varied as Senator Marco Rubio, Governor of Florida Jeb Bush, Governor Rick Scott; the since run Presidential Candidate, Ron DeSantis, Andrew Gillum, and Speaker of the Florida State House of Representatives, Don Gaetz; the Father of Matt Gaetz. Had decidedly made my big league political ambitions, come all but true. No matter how dreadful their nearby existence could be.

Matt Gaetz, whom I attended Middle School with, and eventually befriended. Was regarded by me, as cooler than he would at first appear to be. And, to this day, I follow him on social media, and the internet. As it both pleased me, and annoyed him, that I would call him “Fucts Destroyer”, after the black, emblazoned, skateboarding apparel company “hoodie”, that he was always known to wear, in our Middle School, and High School Years. Even to the point of me, later, contributing to, and endorsing his ideas, on my still updated Politics Website, kevinspolitics.com. For his first, and subsequent Political Campaigns, for Florida’s First Congressional District, in the United States House of Representatives.

And while I was always reticent, but also, erstwhile, heavily influenced, by his campaigning for the eventual ouster of former Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy. I’m still grateful for his contributions to the Republican party, in advancing the cause of Freedom, Democracy, and Common Core Christian Values. And, I welcome his presumably, newly founded, political, and morally guided contributions, to mine, and his, Republican political process, and politics.

This marriage of the political, as well as the societal. Was a world which I had always burgeoned around, but until my successful matriculation at Swift Creek Middle School, was something that I had very little actual formal experience within myself.

But as I said, One of my first true Middle School bullies, whom would later confide to me his sexuality, as a friend, and “ska” music bandmate, together, in this cliquish “Capitol Hill” existence, would be Peter “Pete” Buttigieg.

Pete, someone whom came from the same highly cultured edifices, in the surrounding. Yet was still from, some of the same, in my opinion, seriously flawed, Democratic dominated politics. Was someone whom had befriended the schools Information Technology Administrator, and future Democratic United States Senate Candidate, and Democratic National Committee Chairman, from South Carolina, Jaime Harrison. After explaining to Harrison, the particulars of the schools LAN networking schema, and how it was structurally flawed from one of the positions of its creators, whom preceded him. He was thoroughly impressed with my entrée into politics.

With this knowledge, I had not only impressed future State Senator Harrison. But also “Pete”, and his on again, off again, best friend; my neighbor, and secret boyfriend to Pete whom also had the name “Peter”. And erstwhile, some of the most popular kids in the entire school. To the point that I began to be invited to Social Gatherings, Parties, “keggers”, and “get-togethers”, on the weekends, with the other kids, but really the other girls, that attended my Middle School, Swift Creek, and lived in the surrounding suburbs.

“Peter”, someone whom was my classmate, and nearby neighbor, was someone whom “Pete”, had been secretly in love with, all throughout my time there.

In fact, one of the most jarring things, I ever saw happen to Pete, someone whom had become a friend of mine over the course of our time at Swift Creek Middle School. Was when “Peter”, a neighbor that only talked to me casually. Dumped “Pete” prematurely, while at an after party, after a highly anticipated school dance. And instead made out with his, Peter’s girlfriend, that whole night, and weekend.

This tryst, something which being from a male dominated baseball culture, such as in South Florida. And having no prior experience with the plausibility of another boy dating another boy. Especially in my Evangelical, and strict Father’s household. No matter how openly accepted, it may be. Could be at times jarring, and counterintuitive. Like the time Pete spread a false “rumor” that he was dating me.

But also, for my own societal ambitions, frustratingly simple.

In fact, to expect one thing before arriving to the capital city. A sense of ultra popularity, belonging, and non-conformist, intellectual curiosity, bordering on Hyper-Affability, and Geniality. That had enamored me to so many, so quickly. In my hometown, and similar enclave of Tampa, in Carrollwood. Only to find the confines of the Capital City, Tallahassee, to be frustratingly stuck in their own chiasmic, and meretricious societies. To be a wakeup call, that I never truly expected to experience in life.

And, while it was going on, with no forthright knowledge to how the spectacles which played out, on a nearly continuous basis, at my newly built middle school, and how they would affect me. But also, the highly intricate, and seriously big league politics, which would play out in the states capital. You never caught on, to how insulated a bubble people were actually portraying. As well as hoped for you to exist in. And you thought the individuals, particularly the girls, with their pink, bright, and puckish skin, and lips. With long blonde hair sprayed and dyed, on an almost daily basis. To be an existence that you never stopped to presume, would ever end. Either for them, or you. No matter how cruel, and manipulative, their “games without frontiers”, could actually become, And seemingly be.  

Add to that, the insularity of the suburbs, including only the Thomasville area, and the immediate enclaves surrounding. Tallahassee, a town which had much cultural, and material wealth. But could also be, to my own suburban, and enclave upbringing, devastatingly impoverished. My lack of official time with my mother, whom was a constantly attendant full-time Bed Nurse, to a child-hood, near-drowning victim.

Including to that, the prevailing social, and societal mores, that were in constant attendance of the Democratic Party controlled Legislature, and Governor’s Mansion. Clashing, sometimes, to never before, previously witnessed, conniption. Against my own ideas, and free-spirited, and conservative underpinnings.

With my mother and father. While true, being Conservative. Had raised me in successive, staunchly Southern, Democratic Voting, African-American households. And were all too ready to take up their own appurtances, and attitudes. Even as I still attempted to participate in after school, and officially school sanctioned activities.

I, luckily, was not involved in many of the controversies, which surrounded this peer graduating class. Including an episode of drinking during the school day. An enormous, heretofore unheard of amount of truancy, and disciplinary action. And while it included a period of extended, unexcused (erstwhile) absences, and truancy on my part. After the untimely death of my older, college aged Cousin, Michael Mitchell, on Thanksgiving day. That caused me to have to embarrassingly, partially abandon the credits earned, for my textiles manufacturing course. I was never implicated in those, and the many other scandals at my own middle school. As well as, at least two high profile, and provocative abortions from one time fellow classmates.

This season, which existed in my life, would prove to be only the beginnings, of what had become a society wide, social, drug fueled “epidemic”. The now so called Opioid, and Fentanyl Crisis. That wouldn’t end until very recently with the scandals involving the “Varsity Blues”, cheating, and test taking scandals. As well as the “Abercombie Gate” scandals, that had begun to engulf not only the once prosperous, but now severely drug enabled community, in that Tallahassee, Capital City, and well to do enclave, in Thomasville. But also, the just as new, and prosperous suburb, which I would inhabit, in the bread basket, heart of the nation, Palatine. Which was located along the end of the John F. Kennedy Expressway, in the highly affluent enclave, of the North West Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois.

These experiences in my life. Navigating a “totally contrived”, and “totally pretentious”, social scene. At first in Middle School at Swift Creek Middle School. And then, only later, to find the same instances playing out in my High School, Palatine High School. In the Northwest Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. All while at the turn of the 21st century. And, having done so willingly. Had, in both instances. Left an indelible mark, for good, or for ill. Within the social contextualizing, which I would carry with me in life. Throughout my DNA. That I’m only now writing about in this book, at length, and with, thankfully, not the same life choices, as its unintentional victims. With a sense of pleasure, and accomplishment. Even at this late date.

To say, however, that I don’t regret the circumstances, and the resultant endings. Of Midnight Partying. Drinking before the Sun even comes up. And the other stereotypical things that highly affluent, highly conformist adolescents, are presumed to spend their time doing.

The bartering, and selling of sexual favors, for drugs, and alcohol. So called “Affluenza”. Is something that I have a hard time squaring with my own life, and the sometimes mediocrity, of my highly literate, and often times “plain”, and “boring”, quiet Friday, and Saturday nights, as they’ve existed over the last two decades of my life. And, while I always presumed, that the children of some of the adults whom I got to know, and befriend, during these periods in my adolescence. Would grow up to be much like their adult counterparts. I understand now, the many nuances, and subject matters, which only adults can truly grasp the gravity, and weight of. And in ways, which only an adult, can fully appreciate.

I still question, what the legitimacy of my actions at this age in my life, as I end my thirties, would’ve been. And precisely how casual some of these acquaintances would have seemed. And indeed, the scenarios which played out within them. Had I not come across such fool heartiness, and wanton destructive behavior. In a previous, less mature, and adolescent, period in my life.

However, like I said, the experiences which I had both on, and off the baseball diamond. Would shape, and mold my character, and existence, at least into my adult years, and beyond. Something, later on, I would not find lacking. When I needed to truly be alone, and have the sense, and willpower, to concentrate. And the academic studies I would embark on, would last days, weeks, and sometimes even months, and years. Effectively killing any premature, and adolescent social ambitions, which I would presume to have for myself.

This understanding, between the social, the affable, and yet still very consciously serious. Is something I would have to navigate at a later period in my life. And, after the lessons, and teachings of my youth, along with the understandings of what dangers can befall you in the world. Irregardless, of the perception and outlook of others. Including the desire, and need to conform to the expectations of the media, and a much wider, and more influential swath of not only the United States, but the World as well.

These lessons, this nuance, and its understandings, however nascent. Is the life blood of my proud American upbringing, and spirit. And is something, however plain and contemplative my existence would become, as I got older, and true friends, and friendship were hard to come by. Even within my own family. Is something, I would not, come to regret.                                

Letter of Condolences on the Occasion of the Death of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Commonwealth Countries [Transcript]

Your Majesty, and his Ladies, Lords, and Lordships, I wanted to sincerely profess my deepest, and most sorrowful condolences, to You, and Her Majesty the Queen’s Family. I’m sincerely regretful, for the loss of her Majesty, and I wanted to convey that to You, and Your Family, Your Highness. I’m hopeful for the future that is to come, between our two Countries, and the Future of Your Lordships Reign, as Sovereign Lord. However, I wanted to convey my condolences at the terrible lost of Her Majesty the Queen, and the loss of a family member, to His Majesty, the King, and His Family.

– Kevin Michael Miller

Lil Tay: “Life After Death”

I was first introduced to Lil Tay, the Atlanta Georgia born, Canadian Rapper. Unsurprisingly, when news of her death broke in the summer of 2023. I was at the time, writing, and researching a political memoir of my life. As well as finishing up my thesis for my eventual matriculation at my graduate level, Economics, and International Relations programs. I found out about it, surreptitiously while searching for information about an Olivia Rodrigo song “Vampire”, which had recently debuted on the internet.

At this time, I was not someone who necessarily researched the past histories, legitimately or not, of this, the most recent cropping of Teen, and “Tweenage” Pop Stars, Models, an Influencers, which has recently, more often than not, dominated the headlines.

However, as the Taylor Swift led “Era’s” Tour has begun to take hold of the public’s imagination. And as my fascination, and now, outright relationship with Instagram, and Tik Tok Influencer, Ansley Fromm (My Current Girlfriend). And as an influencer myself, whom has attracted a following which numbers at over 100k followers on Instagram alone. I was not out of character to research one of the both least, and most plausible, Canadian produced Pop Stars, of the early 21st century. Once found, however, I think her unstereotypical beginnings, and the lack of any one dedicated source of information available. Owing, to her estranged father’s, then attempts, to control any past, and future cash flows which may arise, from her adolescent charged, and highly successful career in front of the camera.

Nevertheless, when I am able to confirm that Lil Tay, or Tay Tian, the all but sixteen year-old Canadian Rapper, and Pop Star, is in fact safely alive, and nestled at home, in her high rise loft condominium. My mental faculties that regulate stress, and adrenaline, are put to rest, though however restless, the now alleged “publicity stunt”, has made me become.

As I continue to pursue Lil Tay, and her chiasmic, and unadulterated fanbase. Which focuses almost exclusively on Lil Tay, and either the “abject”, or “defunct”, “beefs”, which she pursues with her father, other Rappers and Pop Stars, or her fans themselves. Has become something of what can only be described, as one of the most curious strains, of the now inundated streams of entertainment, which we as consumers come across, on an almost daily basis on the internet. Irregardless of the amount of time, which some may actually enjoy viewing them. And, while I was affectionate towards models, pop stars, and Lil Tay in general, before I was ever truly, or formally introduced to her on her self-styled platform and record label Loner Gang Records and Productions. If the amount of raw talent which Lil Tay, and other artist on social media platforms, has seemed like it was too much to ever begin to contemplate emulating. Then for sure, Lil Tay, and her magisterial playing of the guitar, and such hits from Metallica, Led Zepplin, or The Eagles. All on key. And, all with the same bravado, and mien which she’s displayed in her music videos. Should make any aspiring musician give pause, to the amount of hard work, and exacting dedication which is required an order to produce the amount of success which her, and other young artist, especially women, have been able to achieve in this short, yet enduring century.

To say, that her latest musical contraption, since parting ways with her “obsessed” father, “SUCKA 4 GREEN”. Has all the hallmarks of a truly successful record. It being seemingly produced by Lil Tay herself, runs a full and infectious three and a half minutes (3:34), showing up as a title track for the release of her 2023 single. If the trappings of this recently found success, and newfound freedom, and their showing on Google’s YouTube Platform, are any indication of the sort of life that she lives, independent of her father’s enduring legacy in her life. Then this, is indeed, the sucker for green that I’ve become.

To say that it seemed certain that her life, and career, would transpire so successfully, so quickly, after the resultant fall out, over her reported death, and demise. Is a fact, which does not go untarnished. After all, the most logical explanation, that she had in fact died, appeared to, for a brief, but momentous time, seem to be correct.

However, as the days and weeks wore on. And her presence began to be known throughout my YouTube Feed. Alas she’s alive! And, it became difficult, to ascertain the exact amount of clarity, which this new single would bring, to the immediate fallout surrounding.

However, with its infectious beat, and catchy dancing, and song title. The accompanying video, certainly helped to clarify for me, that Lil Tay’s existence in this world, is not at all an accident, or simply another rumor.

And this, I suppose brings us to the conclusion of the saga surrounding Lil Tay. Though, not the end of Lil Tay’ herself. That, is presumably left in the hands of her 5.6 million Instagram followers, Her mighty almost 1 million strong Tik Tok following. And the countless other Millions of viewers whom have seen “SUCKER 4 GREEN”, on YouTube, her latest incarnation. If the silence surrounding the hoax of her death is deafening. It’s only because I leave it up to you, the readers, to further research the countless videos of, and on her, that have appeared, in the wake of this incident. An absolute question, for which I have no absolute answer for.

So, as we the general public continue to obsess, and satiate, our curiosity for the Atlanta, Georgia, born Lil Tay. The lacking, or death, which we may all live to tell of, may in the end be ours and ours alone.

And for Lil Tay,

even when she does cease,

to no longer exist in our lives.

Will be a past,

well worth living for.

Whether live,

or die.                    

@charlidamelio – fun

Charli D’Amelio (YouTube: @charlidamelio) – fun

Charli D’Amelio – YouTube

#fun #CharlidAmelio #DixiedAmelio #dancing #rhianna #unapologetic

Kristin Cavallari is all smiles during a romantic outing with Mark Estes in Los Angeles

#backgrid #kristencavallari #markestes

Kristin Cavallari, 37, beams with joy as she affectionately holds hands with her adoring beau, Mark Estes, 24, while leaving a late dinner at Sugarfish in Beverly Hills.

📷: @TheHollywoodJR / @backgrid_usa For licensing inquiries, please email us at usasales@backgrid.com

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